Working principle and basic structure of spring machine

1. The basic composition and working principle of a spring machine:
The spring machine, also known as the coiling machine, consists of five core modules: straightening mechanism, feeding mechanism, variable diameter mechanism, pitch control mechanism, and cutting mechanism. The synergistic effect of these institutions enables the spring machine to efficiently complete the rolling work of springs.
1, School affiliated institutions:
The straightening mechanism, located between the material rack and the feeding roller, is an important component of the spring machine. It consists of two sets of precision straightening rollers designed to eliminate bending deformation of steel wires during production. After straightening, the steel wire can enter the forming machinery straight, significantly improving the accuracy of the coil spring.
2, Feeding mechanism:
The feeding mechanism compresses the steel wire through one or two pairs of feeding wheels, and uses the rotation of the feeding wheels to drive the steel wire forward in a straight line. The institution adopts a fan-shaped incomplete gear transmission, which enables the gears on the feeding wheel shaft to complete specific transmission functions. The rotational speed of the upper and lower rollers remains the same, but the direction of rotation is opposite. Every time the feeding wheel rotates once, the length of the feed is equal to the circumference of the feeding wheel. At the same time, the unfolded length of the spring can be precisely controlled by the number of rotations of the feeding wheel, which is determined by the number of teeth of the sector incomplete gear (refer to the coefficient table for details).
3, Variable diameter mechanism:
The variable diameter mechanism is a device used to control the outer diameter of a spring, and its core components include two top rods and a variable diameter cam that drives the top rods. When producing cylindrical springs, adjust the position of the two top rods to match the outer diameter of the spring, and fix the position of the top rods to maintain stability. For the production of variable diameter springs, such as convex or truncated cone springs, it is necessary to loosen the bolts before and after the top rod, allowing the top rod to freely expand and contract inside the tool holder, thereby changing the outer diameter of the spring. The variable diameter cam is responsible for driving the top rod to meet the production needs of different variable diameter springs.
4, Pitch change mechanism:
The pitch change mechanism is mainly used to adjust the pitch of the spring, that is, the effective number of turns of the spring. This institution includes two methods:
(1) By coordinating the pitch knife with the pitch cam, the pitch cam is responsible for controlling the effective number of turns of the spring, while the bolt below the pitch knife is used to adjust the height of the spring.
(2) By using a cam driven connecting rod, the pitch knife is pushed out from the inside of the machine to better meet the production needs of large pitch springs.
5, Cutting off mechanism:
After the winding forming is completed, the cutting mechanism will perform the cutting operation of the steel wire, which is the key processing step for the spring to fall. The organization precisely completes cutting tasks through the synergistic effect of knives and cores.

2. Use and maintenance of spring winding machine:
1, The adjustment of the spring machine is a crucial step in ensuring the quality of spring production. The adjustment process includes individual adjustments by each institution as well as overall adjustments. When adjusting, it is necessary to correctly select and install the required tools, such as wires, feeding rollers, cams, core shafts, cutters, and top rods, and make detailed adjustments item by item according to the process requirements.
The specific content of individual adjustments is as follows:
(1) Adjustment of spring outer diameter:
This mainly involves the debugging of the outer diameter mechanism. For the rolling of cylindrical springs, the position of the top rod can be fixed or adjusted appropriately, without the need for a variable diameter cam, making the adjustment relatively simple. But when rolling conical or convex springs, a variable diameter cam must be used.
When rolling a conical spring, the running trajectory of the variable diameter cam decreases from the highest point to the lowest point, pushing the top rod to continuously retreat, thus forming a rolling process from a small diameter ring to a large diameter ring. After the feeding is completed and cut off, the top rod needs to be restored to the position where the small head was rolled to start a new round of rolling cycle.
In addition, attention should be paid to the grinding of the core shaft. In the double top rod spring winding machine, the core shaft mainly plays a role in cutting off the spring, so the simplicity of its grinding is crucial. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the outer diameter of the core shaft is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the spring to avoid the occurrence of a flattened head during cutting. At the same time, the gap between the cutter and the core shaft also needs to be strictly controlled.
The adjustment of the top rod is equally important as it directly controls the diameter of the spring. When the top rod moves towards the core axis, the diameter of the spring will decrease; On the contrary, it will become larger. The direction of movement of the lower pole is opposite.
(2) Adjustment of feeding length and total number of turns:
The feeding length mainly depends on the number of teeth of the selected gear. For spring winding machines that use incomplete gear feeding, the number of gear teeth directly determines the unfolded length of the spring. In addition, by adjusting the number of teeth on the gear and installing the flange (paying attention to maintaining the working position clearance between the gear and the cutter), the required total number of springs can be precisely controlled.
(3) Adjustment of free height, pitch, and effective number of turns:
The adjustment of these parameters needs to be combined with specific process requirements and machine performance. In practical operation, other factors such as wire tension, winding speed, etc. may also need to be considered to ensure that the final produced spring meets design requirements and quality standards.
There are two ways to adjust the length of a spring: inward pushing and outward pitch. Internal pushing is achieved by adjusting the internal straight rod and using the principle of leverage to push the top pin, thereby changing the pitch of the spring. This adjustment method relies on the variation of the unequal height cam and controls the length of the straight rod pushed out through screws. The external pitch adjustment is driven by the cam to adjust the pitch blade, which in turn affects the length of the spring.
The adjustment of free height and pitch is concentrated on the adjustment bolt below the pitch knife. By rotating the screw, the height and pitch of the spring can be increased or decreased. The adjustment of effective turns depends on the variable pitch cam, and the larger the working surface of the cam's high point, the more effective turns it will have.

In addition, when rolling compression springs, it is necessary to ensure that both ends are tightly wound and the length of the tightness meets the requirements to avoid affecting the working characteristics of the spring. The size of the tightening force also needs to be adjusted appropriately to prevent the formation of end gaps. Similarly, when rolling tension springs with initial tension, it is also necessary to adjust the tightening force at the joint position to ensure that there is no gap between each joint.
The adjustment of the cut-off mechanism is also crucial. The cutting blade works in conjunction with the core using a vertical cutting method to complete the cutting of the finished spring product. The gap between the cutting plane of the cutter and the core shaft should be controlled within the range of 0.05mm-0.1mm to avoid the generation of cutting burrs. At the same time, the cutting plane should accurately pass through the center of the coil to ensure that the end coil does not deform during cutting, and the center size of the coil spring remains stable. When rolling a spring with a large twist ratio, it is possible to simultaneously support the coil by increasing the size of the core shaft.
2, The key elements and reasonable application of coil spring work:
In the operation of a spring machine, the selection and use of tools such as feeding rollers, guide plates, top rods, camshafts, core shafts, cutters, pitch knives, and incomplete gears will directly affect the quality of the coil spring. Therefore, a reasonable combination and application of tooling is the key to ensuring the smooth operation of the coil spring and obtaining high-quality products.
1, Check if the direction of the electric motor is consistent with the direction of the machine sprocket.
2, Ensure that the first tooth of the incomplete gear is half a tooth lower than the second tooth as a smooth transition to avoid tooth collision.
3, Before starting up, be sure to turn the handwheel and carefully check if the machine is running smoothly and unobstructed.